Ultraviolet light in water and waste water sanitation

Several general books are available on ultraviolet light and its applications. However, this is the first comprehensive monograph that deals with its application to water and wastewater treatment. There is a rapidly growing interest in using UV light in water sanitation due to the increased knowledge of the potential health and environmental impacts of disinfection byproducts.This book integrates the fundamental physics applicable to water and wastewater sanitation, the engineering aspects, and the practical experience in the field. The text analyzes the concerns associated with this application of UV light and brings together comprehensive information on the presently available UV technologies applicable to water and wastewater treatment including: lamp technologies, criteria of evaluation and choice of technology, fundamental principles, performance criteria for disinfection, design criteria and methods, synergistic use of UV and oxidants (advanced oxidation), and functional requirements and potential advantages and drawbacks of the technique. This volume is the only treatise currently available combining fundamental knowledge, recommendations for design, evaluations of performance, and future prospects for this application. Water and wastewater treatment professionals, water utility employees, governmental regulators, and chemists will find this book an essential and unique reference for a technology which has received growing regulatory acceptance.

Introduction Historical: Use of UV Light in Drinking Water Treatment Present State of Standards and Regulations Definition of Ultraviolet Light: Range and Natural Sources Solar Radiant Energy Available Lamp (or Burner) Technologies General Mercury Emission Lamps Currently Available Commercial Lamp Technologies Available Lamp Technologies Special Lamp Technologies Preliminary Guidelines for Choice of Lamp Technology UV Emission Yields and Mode of Control Zonal Distribution of Emitted Light Use of Ultraviolet Light for Disinfection of Drinking Water Introduction Germicidal Action Dose-Efficiency Concept Representative Test Organisms Competitive Effects in Disinfection with UV-Light Multihit, Multisite, and Step-by-Step Killing Concepts Design Factors for Reactor Geometry Mixing Conditions in UV-Water Treatment Operational Control of Efficiency Tentative Design Questionnaire for UV-Based Disinfection Units for Drinking Water Examples Use of UV in Photochemical Synergistic Oxidation Processes in Water Sanitation Basic Principles Combinations of Hydrogen Peroxide and UV-Light Synergism of Ozone and UV in Water Sanitation UV-Catalytic Processes Tentative Design Rules for UV-Synergistic Oxidation Processes Use of UV Light for Sanitation of Wastewater Regulations and Guidelines for Disinfection of Treated Wastewater General Characteristics of Effluents in Relation to Disinfection by UV-Light Aftergrowth and Photorepair after Exposure to UV Disinfection of Wastewater Applied UV Doses in Wastewater Disinfection Choice of Lamp Technology in Wastewater Disinfection Toxicity and Formation of By-Products Preliminary Conclusions on Wastewater Disinfection with UV Example General Conclusions Glossary References Index