Outer Membrane Vesicles of Bacteria, 2013 SpringerBriefs in Microbiology Series

This book provides a detailed account of the physico-chemical properties and biological functions of the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of different pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. It also includes an authentic record of the first systematic study that discovered the mechanism of OMV formation by a pathogen, Vibrio cholerae, and proposed that the process represented a novel secretory activity of bacteria. Furthermore, the authors present clinical and laboratory data on the use of OMVs as immunogens, as effective and licensed vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B infections and on the development of more effective vaccines against other human and animal pathogens including Vibrio cholerae. This volume thus bears witness to the emerging revolution in the field of vaccines against pathogens and closes with a discussion of open questions and future research on OMVs.

1.0       Discovery of outer membrane vesicles. A revisit to the contemporary works

            1.1       Introduction

1.2       Discovery of OMVs

            1.3       Production of OMVs

            1.4       A novel secretion process

            1.5       Bleb formation under abnormal vis-à-vis normal growth

            1.6       A temporary setback

            1.7       Further works on bleb formation

            1.8       Confirmation of the discovery by contemporary investigators

            1.9       Essential findings of the discovery vis-à-vis later works

2.0       Gram-negative bacteria. The cell membranes and the outer membrane vesicles

            2.1       Inner and outer membranes

            2.2       Structure of OMVs

            2.3       Chemical composition of OMVs

            2.4       Proteomic profile of OMVs

                        2.4.1    Isolation and purification

                        2.4.2    Protein separation

3.0       Factors affecting production of outer membrane vesicles

            3.1       Natural and non-natural OMVs

3.2       Pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria

            3.3       Bacterial growth conditions

            3.4       Impact of LPS structure

            3.5       Vesicle production within the infected host

            3.6       Antibiotic treatment and vesicle production

            3.7       Stress response and OMV production

4.0       Outer membrane vesicles  as carriers of biomaterials

            4.1       Packaging and predatory activities

            4.2       Toxins

            4.3       Non-toxin virulence factors

            4.4       Enrichment of virulence factors in OMVs

            4.5       DNA

            4.6       Antibiotics

            4.7       Engineered recombinant OMVs

5.0       Outer membrane vesicles and the biofilm formation

6.0       Outer membrane vesicles. Interaction with prokaryotes and eukaryotes

            6.1       Binding with target cell’s membranes

            6.2       Fusion with host cell membrane.

            6.3       Entry into the target cell

7.0       Biogenesis of OMVs

8.0       Release of outer membrane vesicles. Is it a novel secretion mechanism ?

9.0       OMVs. Physiological and medical applications

            9.1       Activation of innate immune response

            9.2       B-cell activation by OMVs

            9.3       Interaction of OMVs with complement system

            9.4       OMV triggers cell-mediated immunity

            9.5       OMV stimulates proinflammatory response

            9.6       OMVs as immunogens

                        9.6.1    Neisseria meningitides

                        9.6.2    Neisseria lactamica

                        9.6.3    Vibrio cholerae

                        9.6.4    Acinetobacter baumannii

                        9.6.5    Bordetella pertussis

                        9.6.6    Burkholderia pseudomallei

                        9.6.7    Porphyromonas gingivalis

                        9. 6.8   Salmonella typhimurium      

                        9.6.9    Shigella flexneri

                        9.6.10  Triponema pallidum

            9.7       OMVs as vaccine

                        9.7.1    Vaccines for meningococcal diseases

                        9.7.2    Markers of protection against meningococcal diseases

                        9.7.3    Challenges for vaccine development

                        9.7.4    Detergent treated OMVs as vaccine

                        9.7.5    Natural OMVs as vaccine

                        9.7.6    OMV vaccines in combination

                        9.7.7    Recombinant OMV vaccines using reverse vaccinology approach

                        9.7.8    OMVs in vaccine delivery

                        9.7.9    OMVs as adjuvants

                        9.7.10  OMVs as controlled release system for vaccine

10.0     Concluding notes

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras