Epigraph: To Paint a Bird.- Foreword for the New Mathematical Coloring Book by Peter D. Johnson, Jr.- Foreword for the New Mathematical Coloring Book by Geoffrey Exoo.- Foreword for the New Mathematical Coloring Book by Branko Grunbaum. Foreword for The Mathematical Coloring Book by Peter D. Johnson, Jr., Foreword for The Mathematical Coloring Book by Cecil Rousseau.- Acknowledgements.- Greetings to the Reader 2023.- Greetings to the Reader 2009.- I. Merry-Go-Round.-1. A Story of Colored Polygons and Arithmetic Progressions.- II. Colored Plane.- 2. Chromatic Number of the Plane: The Problem.- 3. Chromatic Number of the Plane: An Historical Essay.- 4. Polychromatic Number of the Plane and Results Near the Lower Bound.- 5. De Bruijn–Erdős Reduction to Finite Sets and Results Near the Lower Bound.- 6. Polychromatic Number of the Plane and Results Near the Upper Bound.- 7. Continuum of 6-Colorings of the Plane.- 8. Chromatic Number of the Plane in Special Circumstances.- 9. Measurable Chromatic Number of the Plane.- 10. Coloring in Space.- 11. Rational Coloring.- III. Coloring Graphs.- 12. Chromatic Number of a Graph.- 13. Dimension of a Graph.- 14. Embedding 4-Chromatic Graphs in the Plane.- 15. Embedding World Series.- 16. Exoo–Ismailescu: The Final Word on Problem 15.4.- 17. Edge Chromatic Number of a Graph.- 18. The Carsten Thomassen 7-Color Theorem.- IV.Coloring Maps.- 19. How the Four-Color Conjecture Was Born.- 20. Victorian Comedy of Errors and Colorful Progress.- 21. Kempe–Heawood’s Five-Color Theorem and Tait’s Equivalence.- 22. The Four-Color Theorem.- 23. The Great Debate.- 24. How Does One Color Infinite Maps? A Bagatelle.- 25. Chromatic Number of the Plane Meets Map Coloring: The Townsend–Woodall 5-Color Theorem.- V. Colored Graphs.- 26. Paul Erdős.- 27. The De Bruijn–Erdős Theorem and Its History.- 28. Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn.- 29. Edge Colored Graphs: Ramsey and Folkman Numbers.- VI. The Ramsey Principles.- 30. From Pigeonhole Principle to Ramsey Principle.- 31. The Happy End Problem.- 32. The Man behind the Theory: Frank Plumpton Ramsey.- VII. Colored Integers: Ramsey Theory Before Ramsey and Its AfterMath.- 33. Ramsey Theory Before Ramsey: Hilbert’s Theorem.- 34. Ramsey Theory Before Ramsey: Schur’s Coloring Solution of a Colored Problem and Its Generalizations.- 35. Ramsey Theory Before Ramsey: Van der Waerden Tells the Story of Creation.- 36. Whose Conjecture Did Van der Waerden Prove? Two Lives Between Two Wars: Issai Schur and Pierre Joseph Henry Baudet.- 38. Monochromatic Arithmetic Progressions or Life After Van der Waerden.- 39. In Search of Van der Waerden: The Early Years.- 40. In Search of Van der Waerden: The Nazi Leipzig, 1933–1945.- 41. In Search of Van der Waerden: Amsterdam, Year 1945.- 42. In Search of Van der Waerden: The Unsettling Years, 1946–1951.- 43. How the Monochromatic AP Theorem Became Classic: Khinchin and Lukomskaya.- VIII. Colored Polygons: Euclidean Ramsey Theory.- 44. Monochromatic Polygons in a 2-Colored Plane.- 45. 3-Colored Plane, 2-Colored Space, and Ramsey Sets.- 46. The Gallai Theorem.- IX. Colored Integers in Service of the Chromatic Number of the Plane: How O’Donnell Unified Ramsey Theory and No One Noticed.- 47. O'Donnell Earns His Doctorate.- 48. Application of Baudet–Schur–Van der Waerden.- 48. Application of Bergelson–Leibman’s and Mordell–Faltings’ Theorems.- 50. Solution of an Erdős Problem: The O’Donnell Theorem.- X. Ask What Your Computer Can Do for You.- 51. Aubrey D.N.J. de Grey's Breakthrough.- 52. De Grey's Construction.- 53. Marienus Johannes Hendrikus 'Marijn' Heule.- 54. Can We Reach Chromatic 5 Without Mosers Spindles?.- 55. Triangle-Free 5-Chromatic Unit Distance Graphs.- 56. Jaan Parts' Current World Record.- XI. What About Chromatic 6?.- 57. A Stroke of Brilliance: Matthew Huddleston's Proof.- 58. Geoffrey Exoo and Dan Ismailescu or 2 Men from 2 Forbidden Distances.- 59. Jaan Parts on Two-Distance 6-Coloring.- 60. Forbidden Odds, Binaries, and Factorials.- 61. 7-and 8-Chromatic Two-Distance Graphs.- XII. Predicting the Future.- 62. What If We Had No Choice?.- 63. AfterMath and the Shelah–Soifer Class of Graphs.- 64. A Glimpse into the Future: Chromatic Number of the Plane, Theorems and Conjectures.- XIII. Imagining the Real, Realizing the Imaginary.- 65. What Do the Founding Set Theorists Think About the Foundations?.- 66. So, What Does It All Mean?.- 67. Imagining the Real or Realizing the Imaginary: Platonism versus Imaginism.- XIV. Farewell to the Reader.- 68. Two Celebrated Problems.- Bibliography.- Name Index.- Subject Index.- Index of Notations.